Which condition is characterized by chest pain due to reduced blood flow to the heart?

Angina is characterized by chest pain or discomfort that arises when the heart muscle does not receive enough blood and oxygen. This typically occurs due to the narrowing of the coronary arteries, often as a result of atherosclerosis, which is the build-up of plaques in the arteries. The pain or discomfort from angina is usually triggered by physical exertion or stress and is often relieved by rest or medication such as nitroglycerin.

In the context of the question, angina signifies that there is a temporary reduction in blood flow to the heart, leading to the sensation of pain or pressure in the chest. This condition is often considered a warning sign and a precursor to more serious heart issues, including myocardial infarction, commonly known as a heart attack, where the blood supply is more severely reduced or blocked entirely.